A set of pvalued logic gates primitives is called universal if an arbitrary pvalued logic function can be realized by a logic circuit built up from a finite number of gates belonging to this set. A combinational circuit consists of input variables n, logic gates, and output variables m. For n input variables there are 2n possible combinations of binary input values. As required for these circuits, a new design of the ternary decoder is presented see fig 7 the ternary decoder is a oneinput, threeoutput combinational circuit and generates unary functions. The ternary logic has significant merits over binary logic in designing digital circuits. Basic ternary logic circuits provide all 27 singlevariable ternary logic functions. The characteristics of new phototriggered ternary inverters originate from the distinct photoresponsivity of ptype. Energy efficient tristate cnfet ternary logic gates arxiv. Then we will integrate the asdemonstrated logic gates to design and realize the dyadic ternary operators such as tnand. Ternary logic constants ternary logic switching models commonly use an integral encoding f0. Abstractin this paper, we discuss logic circuit designs using the circuit model of threestate quantum dot gate field effect transistors qdgfets. Designing positive, negative and standard gates for. The logic is still just nands and nors ternary logic does provide more than two universal logic gates, but thats just needlessly complicated, and ternary muxes, adders, and xors are built.
This paper presents vlsi design of static random access memory sram based on simple ternary gates. But since the number of circuit elements decreases in the ternary logic, the total power also decreases for the large memory size. Ternary logic is implemented in two operating modes. Ternary logic has got its own importance due to its energy efficiency resulting from reduced complexity of interconnect and chip area. The only exceptions concern a circuit approach that combines two circuit drawbacks an additional power supply and a circuit con. The design procedure of the stdl is developed for the optimal implementation. In fact, according to the context and simulation results, the combination of metaldnametal can play the role of a memristor and produce a similar behavior as a. Another great advantage of this design in comparison with the other designs, introduced before, is the leads to less power consumption. The collector of one transistor of each current switch is connected to a load impedance and the collector of the other transistor is connected to a. The circuits thus obtained are then used to synthesize. In this paper, this feature is exploited to design ternary logic circuits for achieving improved performance.
Consequently the output is solely a function of the current inputs. The ternary gates can be used for designing ternary arithmetic circuits such as ternary adders and multipliers. Negative differential resistancetransconductance ndrndt has been attracting significant attention as a key functionality in the development of multivalued logic mvl systems that can overcome the limits of conventional binary logic devices. The experimental results indicated that the proposed logic circuit has the potential to realize almost all basic ternary logic gates, and even some more complicated cascaded logic functions with a compact circuit construction, high efficiency, and good robustness. Design and implementation of ternary logic integrated circuits by. Among many mvl systems, ternary logic also known as threevalued logic has soared in popularity due to its simplicity and efficiency 4, 5. Pdf elementary gates for ternary quantum logic circuit. All ternary logical operations can be designed with sti and nmin. Efficient cntfetbased design of quaternary logic gates. This is an example of a ternary logic gate, implemented using mosfets that have the indicated threshold voltages.
Based on the design of ternary inverters, nand and nor circuits presented, it is possible to configure complete threevalued. Ternary logic signaling atls, which converts dualrail signals into ternary logic for transmission over a bus, in order to decrease transmission area and power. Design of ternary logic combinational circuits based. We propose the ternary controlled x tcx gate or ternary controlled z tcz gate as twoqutrit elementary gate, which is universal when assisted by arbitrary.
A ternary, threevalued or trivalent logic sometimes. This circuit consists of only mos transistors and capacitors without. However, the subcircuit that the clock andor enable line goes into is ternary tolerant, meaning that you can pass any of my three logic values to it and it will interpret it as intended. In the previous article, we have already discussed the concepts of half adder and a. An asymmetrical element based on audnaag has been proposed and designed to play the role of a dna memristor.
This paper introduces the idea of mvl first by investigating the simplest form of combinational ternary logic, ternary inverters and ternary gates. Balanced ternary logic is a nonbinary, multivalued logic and special case of ternary logic in which the pt is represented as pbt where pbt 1,0,1, though, for. The disadvantage of ternary valued logic circuit is the static power dissipation. Abstract this paper introduces novel ternary logic circuits using spintronic devices magnetoresistive spin diodes and complementary magnetic junction cmat logic architecture. Later, we will study circuits having a stored internal state, i. The cmos transmission gate logic tgl is used to design a new 4. Implementation of unbalanced ternary logic gates with the. Digital electronics part i combinational and sequential. Design and implementation of ternary logic circuits for vlsi. In the paper, we consider the problem of determining the number of universal ternary reversible logic gates with two inputs and two outputs. Notably, based on the external voltage, ternary logic can be further divided into two categories, i. In this article the elementary gates for ternary quantum logic circuit are studied.
A ternary computer also called trinary computer is a computer that uses ternary logic three possible values instead of the more popular binary system base 2 in its calculations. For efficient design of ternary circuit, more logic gates are needed. Ternary value logic is a promising alternative to binary logic due to the reduced integrated circuit ic interconnects and chip area. The analog input is first quantized into nine discrete levels using eight comparators, as shown in fig. This morning our coalition released a statement against the proposed coliseum redevelopment project, which is led by tom farrell of dominion energy. For complex ternary logic, a new circuit structure called the simple ternary differential logic stdl is also proposed and analyzed. Wordorganized and tritorganized memory cells are designed for the construction of a ternary randomaccessmemory array tram. Ternary adc receives an analog input and provides a ternary 2bit output, as depicted in table 6. An optimal gate design for the synthesis of ternary logic. Design of low power cmos ternary logic gates iosr journal. These gates are used to design basic ternary arithmetic and memory circuits. One of the main reasons is the intrinsic behaviour of transistors. A ternary logic circuit according to claim 1, in which the first controllable resistance and the second controllable resistance are respectively a pnp transistor and a npn transistor, respective emittercollector paths of the transistors being connected in series, the input voltage being applied to both. The geometric structure of ternary qca devised by bajec et al.
As an application example for the proposed ternary logic, a new binary pipelined multiplier is designed by using the new dynamic temary logic circuits in the radix2 positivedigit coding 0,1,2. Multiplexer based design for ternary logic circuits. This paper presents a methodology for the design of ternary multiplexer circuit and also the design of ternary logic circuits based on cmos. Low power dissipation mos ternary logic family ieee xplore. Design of a ternary logical circuit using the audnaag. In the model presented here, we represent ternary logic values as threedimensional vectors, where each logic value j is represented by a row vector whose jthcomponent is unityvalued and all other remaining. We propose the ternary controlled x tcx gate or ternary controlled z tcz gate as twoqutrit elementary gate. Computer simulations show that the circuits based on.
By using this ternary technology designing of arithmetic circuits can implement. Basically, this is an electronic device or in other terms, we can say it as a logic circuit. A brief introduction to ternary logic jorge pedraza arpasi. It is interesting to note that all of the signals from the input decoders to the column of min gates in any circuit organized as a sum of products are all twovalued. Several flipflops triflops are constructed and described in detail, including a. For each possible input combination there is one and only one possible output combination, a combinational circuit can be. Each transistor has an emitter connected to a respective one of a pair of current sources. A survey of the literature of ternary logic shows that electrical engineers and computer architects exploring this logic have not, in general, made any use of the consensus operator, yet it is extremely useful in constructing arithmetic circuits operating on balanced ternary numbers, and there is no reason to believe that it cannot be easily. Binary logic and devices have been in use since inception with advancement and technology and millennium gate design era. Therefore, a universal design of tvl is a good direction for. Each of two current switches comprises a pair of transistors. The circuits using ternary logic are theoretically more economical than the ones using binary logic. Traditionally, digital computation is performed on two valued logic.
Design and implementation of three valued logic systems. This inverter could be used as a fundamental block for designing other ternary basic logic gates. Ternary devices are studied to realize multivalued digital circuits. However, all of the logic processing is still done using dualrail logic. Pdf design arithmetic circuits using quaternary logic. This circuit consists of only mos transistors and capacitors without any area consuming resistors in its structure. A novel design of spintronic ternary logic circuits. A multithreshold design can be achieved by employing carbon nanotubes cnts with different diameters, as the threshold voltage of the carbon nanotube field effect transistor cntfet depends on the diameter of the cnt. This is contrasted with the more commonly known bivalent logics such as classical sentential or boolean logic which provide only for true and. Pdf design of low power low voltage circuit using cmos.
Design of low power cmos ternary logic gates savitri. Multivalued logic circuit design for binary logic interface. This leads to straightforward implementations of any ternytoboolean and booleantoternary logic function. Only 1% of ternary logical operations are designed as 2stage cascade. In logic, a threevalued logic also trivalent, ternary, or trinary logic, sometimes abbreviated 3vl is any of several manyvalued logic systems in which there are three truth values indicating true, false and some indeterminate third value this is contrasted with the more commonly known bivalent logics such as classical sentential or boolean logic which provide only for true and. Half subtractor is the most essential combinational logic circuit which is used in digital electronics. In this paper, a novel method is presented to design ternary logic circuits based on carbon nanotube field effect transistors. Half subtractor circuit design theory, truth table. Balanced ternary logic for improved and advanced computing. Novel gateoverlap tunnel fet based innovative ultralow. Minimization of cntfet ternary combinational circuits.
The role of the dna length here is to decrease the power and size of the memristor. Half subtractor is used to perform two binary digits subtraction. In this paper, it is proposed to implement a half adder circuit. Us4107549a ternary logic circuits with cmos integrated. Design and application of pipelined dynamic cmos ternary. A transfer function model for ternary switching logic circuits. Based on tgl, it removes the degraded output, the nmos and pmos are combined together for strong output level with the gain in area, which is a central result of proposed mux. In spite of potential superiorities of ternary logic, binary is still the dominant logic for circuit design in the industry. Ternary logic families a p dhande, v t ingole and v r ghiye. Building the first ternary microprocessor hackaday.
Now binary logic has become tedious and complicated. This method of design reduces complexity and cost of previously reported c. Ternary storage elements are realized using ternary operators and fundamental circuits, designed to make practical use of cmos or cosmos integrated circuits. Implementation of ternary circuits with binary integrated. Interestingly, the inverters employing the aat connected to the ptype rubrenensbased fet in series were successfully operated as mvl circuits under light irradiation. In logic, a threevalued logic also trinary logic, trivalent, ternary, or trilean, sometimes abbreviated 3vl is any of several manyvalued logic systems in which there are three truth values indicating true, false and some indeterminate third value. Im incredibly proud today to be standing alongside a coalition of organizations committed to building a more just richmond and a more just virginia through public school, housing, and environmental advocacy. Since ternary logic circuits can implement any function or compound logic using less gates and less circuit. For this purpose the low power and low voltage arithmetic and logic.
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